Tranquilizers poisoning.
Drugs of the yielded bunch concern metaprotan (andaksin), diasepam (seduksen, relanium, valium), nitrasepam, trioksasin, elenium, librium, etc. the means possessing expressed abirritating action. All materials are easily aspirated in a gastrointestinal path and form strong bonds with blood proteins and fabrics.
Symptoms. The clinical pattern shows in oppression of the central excitatory system Against muscular delicacy the tremor (trembling) of extremities, heart rhythm infringement, falling of arterial pressure is marked. The motility of an intestinal path combined with decrease of secretion of a saliva and sensation of dryness in a mouth strengthens.At heavy poisonings symptoms from the side TSNS prevail: confusion of consciousness, psychomotor excitation, hallucinations, spasms. From cardiovascular system – a tachycardia, propensity to collapses; breath infringement.
First aid. Early frequent and repeated lavages of a stomach with absorbent coal, salt laxative. The role of conservative therapy for the purpose of maintenance of vital signs is great: application of vasohypertonic means at heavy insufficiency of a circulation, introduction of cardiacs (strophanthin), introduction of alkaline solutions, correction of a convulsive state and an external respiration, including therapy by oxygen.
Stimulants of the central excitatory system: caffeine bunch (theophylline, theobromine). From all bunch the greatest promoting effect the caffeine which toxic dose is at level of 1 g, and a lethal dose – about 20 g with the big individual distinctions possesses. At intravenous introduction there are cases of mors from a dose of order of 0,1 g, lethal doses at children at introduction in candles – 25100 mg/kg.
Symptoms. The basic signs of toxic action at the long use concerning the big doses (for example, at people of abusing coffee and tea) show in irritability, disturbing, excitability, in the steady headache which few is giving in to medicinal therapy, sleep distresses. Influence on a gastrointestinal path shows sensation of burning in the field of a gaste, a nausea, vomiting, heavy increase of stomachal secretion that is especially dangerous to ulcerous patients, locks. The heavy poisoning with caffeine is expressed in the psychomotor reactions passing in delirium and hallucinations, there are infringements of touchsensitive functions (time and distance definition) and travelling speeds. The excitation initial phase is quickly replaced by an apathetic state. The most dangerous complication by caffeine and its analogues – development of heavy cardiovascular insufficiency with the collapse phenomena. The heart paralysis is possible also at fast introduction in a vein.
First aid. A lavage of a stomach of 1-2 % Tanninum or hydrosoda (baking soda) solution, absorbent coal cloud. If the poisoning is invoked by the candles containing caffeine, take over salt laxative. For knocking over of psychomotor excitation and spasms use aminazine (2 ml of 2,5 % of solution on novocaine), a Dimedrol (1 ml of solution of 2 % with novocaine) – it is intramuscular. Correction of cardiovascular insufficiency in case of a poisoning with caffeine is inconvenient in the conditions of the pre-medical help as the majority of vasohypertonic means will be enhanced by toxic effect of caffeine and its analogues. It is expedient to make this kind of resuscitation in conditions hospital where exchange blood transfusion (plasmas) can be effected and the forced diuresis is used.
Strychnine. A lethal dose: 0,2-0,3 Strychnine are easily captured from an intestinal path and also easily inpours into an organism from all places of introduction.
Symptoms: excitation, headaches, a short wind. Increase of a tone of occipital muscles, a spastic stricture of a masticatory musculation, tetanic spasms at the slightest irritation. A spastic stricture of a respiratory musculation with development of a heavy rigidity of a thorax. The mors comes at the phenomena of an asphyxia (asthma).
Treatment. At poison receipt inside – an early lavage of a stomach, salt laxative. Sedative therapy: morphine (1 ml of solution of 1 %), a Dimedrol (2 ml of solution of 1 %) under a skin. At breath infringements – a narcosis with utilisation of weakening means. The forced diuresis.