Poison removal methods.

Awake detoxification of an organism effect in the specialised centres on treatment of poisonings. Apply following methods.

  1. The forced diuresis – is based on utilisation of diuretics which promote the raised allocation of urine. A method use at the majority of an intoxication when deducing of poisonous substances is carried out mainly by nephroses.The aqueous load is created by abundant drink of alkaline waters (to 3-5 litres a day) in a combination to diuretics. By the patient in a coma or with the expressed distresses do hypodermic or intravenous introduction of a sodium chloride brine or glucose solution. Contraindications to carrying out of an aqueous load – sharp cardiovascular insufficiency (a hypostasis of lungs) or renal insufficiency.The urine lavage is created by intravenous dropping introduction of solution of bicarbonate of soda to 1,5-2 litres a day under the control of definition of alkali reaction of urine and reserve alkalinity of blood. In the absence of distresses it is possible to yield bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) inside each 15 minutes within an hour. The urine lavage is more awake diuretic means, than the aqueous load, and is widely applied at sharp poisonings, salicylates, alcohol and its substitutes. The same contraindications, as at an aqueous load.The osmotic diuresis is created by means of intravenous introduction of osmoticly awake diuretic drugs considerably intensifying process of a return adsorption in nephroses that allows to achieve allocation with urine of a significant amount of the poison circulating in blood. The most known drugs of this bunch are: a glucose hypertonic solution, urea solution.

  2. A hemodialysis – a method at which the device “an artificial nephros” as a first aid measure is used. In speed of purification of blood from poisons in 5-6 times surpasses the forced diuresis.

  3. The dialysis - the accelerated deducing of the poisonous substances possessing ability to collect in adipose tissues or strongly to contact blood proteins. At dialysis operation through a fistula, introduce 1,5-2 litres of sterile dialyzing fluid, changing it every 30 minutes.

  4. A haemosorption – a method of distillation of blood of the patient through a special column with absorbent coal or other sorbent.

  5. Operation of replacement of blood is made at sharp poisonings with the chemicals invoking a toxic lesion of blood. Use 4-5 litres a rhesus-compatible, individually selected donor blood.
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