First aid principles at poisoning

Pursue following aims:

Definition of toxicant material;
Immediate deducing of a poison from an organism; detoxication by means of counterpoisons;
Maintenance of the basic vital signs of an organism.

The first pre-medical help.

  1. Poison removal.
    If the poison has got through a skin or outside mucosas (the wound, a burn), delete it a water considerable quantity – physiological     solution, weak alkaline (baking soda) or acid solutions (citric acid, etc.). At hit of poisonous substances in a lumen (A rectum, a vagina, a bladder) them flush water with the help syringings. From a stomach a poison take a lavage, emetic means or is reflex invoke vomiting. It is forbidden to invoke vomiting in the person in an unconsciousness and venenated with cauterising poisons.

    Before reflex calling of vomiting or reception of emetic means it is recommended to drink some beakers of water or baking soda, or solution of a potassium of permanganate, warm solution of table salt. As emetic means use soap water. From an intestine a poison delete a depletive. The inferior piece of an intestine flush high siphons. Venenate yield abundant drink, for the best allocation of urine appoint diuretics.

  2. Detoxication.
    Materials which enter into chemical combination with a poison, translating it in an inactive state, are called as counterpoisons so acid will neutralise alkali and on the contrary. Unithiol is effective at a poisoning with warm glycosides and at an alcoholic poisoning. So it is effective at a poisoning with arsenic bonds, at which application Unithiol it is counter-indicative. Hypo is applied at poisonings with formonitrile and its salts which in the course of chemical interaction pass in not toxic rhodanate bonds easily leaving with urine.
    Ability to bind toxicant materials possess: absorbent coal, Tanninum, potassium permanganate which add to washing water. With the same purpose. Use abundant drink of milk, protein water,egg whites.Enveloping means are especially shown at poisonings with stimulating and cauterising poisons, such as acids, alkalis, salts of heavy metals.

    Absorbent coal introduce inside in the form of aqueous gruel, possesses high sorption ability to many alkaloids (atropine, cocaine, methylmorphine, morphine, strychnine), glycosides (strophanthin, digitoxin), and also to microbial toxines, organic and to a lesser degree to inorganic matters. One gramme of absorbent coal can adsorb to 800 mg of morphine, to 300 mg of alcohol.As the means accelerating transit of a poison on a gastrointestinal path and interfering an adsorption can be used at a poisoning with benzine, kerosene, turpentine, aniline, phosphorus and other liposoluble bonds liquid petrolatum or glycerine.

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