Drug and poison detoxification

Most common of them belong to three various chemical bunches: salicylates (means which composition includes aspirin), pyrazyl ketones (pyramidon, analginum) both paracetamol and acetphenetidiene. For each of bunches the auxiliary are characteristic effects, but poisoning pattern has very many similar fig.

Aspirin, etc. salicylates. A lethal dose: 30-50 g, for children – 10

Symptoms. At salicylic acid intake, especially a spirit, there is a burning and a pain on an esophagus course, in a stomach, repeated vomiting, is frequent with blood, sometimes a liquid chair with a blood admixing. Audition weakening, sight distress are characteristic noise in ears. Patients are provoked, cheerful. Breath noisy, speeded up, can come a coma. Salicylates reduce a blood coagulating property, therefore a constant sign of a poisoning of an inflammation on a skin, massive nasal and parent bleedings. The forecast routinely favorable for life.

Treatment. After a stomach lavage through a sonde introduce inside liquid petrolatum (beaker), yield laxative – 20-30 g of salt cake. Enhanced alkaline drink of hydrosoda (baking soda) each hour before restoration of a normal rate of breath and appearance of alkali reaction of urine.
Appointment of the big doses of vitamin C (to 0,5-1) a day inside or in injections accelerates salicylic acid detoxication. At a bleeding – calcium chloride, blood transfusion. Treatment of renal and liver insufficiency, digestive tube burns.

Analginum, pyramidon, etc. Lethal dose: 10-15

Symptoms: noise in ears, a nausea, vomiting, the general delicacy, temperature decrease, a short wind, palpitation. At heavy poisonings – spasms, drowsiness, delirium, loss of consciousness and a coma. Development of peripheric hypostases, stomachal bleedings, pimples is possible.

Treatment. The basic same actions, as at a poisoning with salicylates: a stomach lavage, purging, abundant alkaline drink, diuretic. Treatment – hydrochloride on 1 g with starchy mucus is follow-up possible, barbamiline is intramuscular, diasepam intravenously. At spasms of stimulants it is better to avoid, using for stimulation of heart by strophanthin or similar means. Chloride or diuretic salt appointment inside on 0,5-1 g for 1-2 is obligatory reception.

Paracetamol, etc. aniline derivatives.

Symptoms: The phenomena of irritation of a digestive tube at a poisoning are expressed more poorly, signs of formation of methemoglobin in blood – pallor, burovato-brown colour of a skin however are more significant. In heavy cases – dilating of pupils, a short wind, spasms, vomiting with an aniline odour. In more serotinal terms the anaemia and a toxic nephrite educes. The forecast routinely favorable.
Treatment same, as in the previous cases. More attention it is necessary to give to struggle against infringements of function of nephroses (an osmotic diuresis with abundant introduction of fluid and mineral salts).

Antiseptic agents:

Iod. A lethal dose: 2-3

Symptoms: a brown staining of tongue and slimy a mouth, vomiting in brown and dark blue masses (if in stomach contents there is starch), a diarrhoeia. A headache, a cold, dermal pimples. Irritation of a mucosa of respiratory pathes. In heavy cases – a hypostasis of lungs, spasms, the small speeded up sphygmus, a coma.

First aid: a stomach lavage, inside – liquid starchy or flour paste in considerable quantities, milk, slimy drink, purging-zhzhenaja magnesia (magnesium oxide).

Treatment: inside 1 % solution of hypo in number of 250-300 ml. Symptomatic therapy, treatment of burns of a digestive tube.

Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). A lethal dose: 0,5-1

Symptoms: a heavy pain in an oral cavity, on an esophagus course, in a gaste. A diarrhoeia, vomiting. A mucosa of an oral cavity of dark brown colour. A throat hypostasis, a burn shock, spasms.

First aid and treatment – see Strong acids.

Hydrogen dioxide.

Symptoms: at hit on a skin – its albication, a burn, blisters. At intake – digestive tube burns.

Treatment - see Iodine.